In every economy there is a concern about which development model is better Iaccording to the conditions prevailing in the economy and how it would have impact on future economic growth.The present paper focuses on the implications of import substitution and export promotion industrialization.

FDI plays an important role in any country’s economical activities. Companies big or small cannot solely depend on the conventional source of finance all together. For financial and technological support they have to depend on foreign resources. For big companies getting FDI is not difficult issue because of financial security, reach in global market and business experience but in SME/SSI it still an unsolved puzzle or a buzzword. The paper is concerned with one of the ways of contribu ting to strengthening the indigenous SME sector in a situation of resource scarcity. Specifically, the paper is concerned with the potential role of foreign direct invest- ment (FDI) in relation to the long term competitive develop ment and inter-nationalization of the SME sector in transition and develo- ping countries.

A number of Nonprofit Government Organisations (NGO) are mushrooming in every nook and corner of India catering to the different needs of people. In this arena, Amar Seva Sangam, an NGO in Ayakudy has created a niche for itself through focused and dedicated work, transforming the lives of many people! This Sangam, which started with the primary idea of serving the physically challenged , has spread its branches in various areas to include the other challenges that develop due to physical disabilities. The Sangam has not only served Ayakudy but is fast spreading its wings to the nearby villages in develop- ment and training. The efforts of this Sangam has been path-breaking leading to beneficial and astou- nding changes in the lives of many Indians!

The contribution of agriculture to economic development lies in:- (i) providing more food to the rapidly expanding population; (ii) increasing the demand for industrial products and thus necessita ting the expansion of the secondary and tertiary sectors; (iii) providing additional foreign exchange earnings for the import of capital goods for development through increased agricultural exports; (iv) increasing rural income to be mobilized by the state; (v) providing productive employment; and (vi) improving the welfare of the rural people. We will discuss these one by one.

In India, irrigation has been identified as a decisive factor in agriculture due to high variability and inadequacy of rainfall. Irrigation very is essential for successful agriculture particularly in the area, where rainfall is inadequate uncertain, and unpredictable. Most of the areas in Satara District are prone to drought condition due to partial failure and delayed arrival or early withdrawal of monsoon season. Irrigation is the most important factor in agricultural development and production. In Satara District, the principle sources of irrigation are rivers, lakes, wells, tube-wells, canals and lift irrigation projects. In the last 2-3 decades, the lift irrigation projects have played a vital role in the agricultural development of Satara District.

The Reserve Bank of India, being primarily concerned with money matters, so organizes currency and credit that it subserves the broad economic objectives of the country. In the performance of this task it formulates and executes a monetary policy with clear-cut goals and tools to be used for this.

Disaster Management was introduced in School Curricula in India after the devastating 2001 earthquake in Gujarat with an objective of making children learn about disaster management was to go beyond saving the lives of school children and school safety, to educate the community about better management of disasters. While preparation of school disaster management plans and conduct of mock drills aimed at saving the lives of school children by teaching them how to respond before, during and after the disasters, teaching them about hazards, prepared ness and mitigation as academic subjects aimed at enabling a culture of better disaster manage ment.

BSTRACT: Tourism is now well recognized as an engine of growth in the various economies in the world. Several countries have transformed their economies by developing their tourism potential. Tourism has great capacity to generate large-scale employment and additional income sources to the skilled and unskilled. Today the traditional concept of tourism has changed and some new areas of the tourism have emerged like Agri-Tourism. Agri-tourism is a way of sustainable tourism development and multi-activity in rural areas through which the visitor has the opportunity to get aware with agricultural areas, agricultural operations, local products, traditional food and the daily life of the rural people, as well as the cultural elements and traditions. Moreover, this activity brings visitors closer to nature and rural activities in which they can participate, be entertained and feel the pleasure of touring.

Today, the youth is taught that the key to better future lies in science, and they are made to do the exultation by contributing to its realization. The inducements to higher salaries have left them with more faith in material than self. On the contrary, we have to make our youth aware of the state of the whole world and the wants of the mankind as a whole; of the precariousness of our exclusive national prosperity and security in the midst of a largely restless world. The World Health Organisation has made the answer abundantly clear. There is a global epidemic of non communicable diseases (NCDs). And the four primary risk factors for these chronic diseases- tobacco, alcohol and poor nutrition are typically initiated during adolescence or young adulthood, setting the stage for later disease. The younger an individual starts smoking and drinking, the greater the risk of addiction and chronic disease later in life.

There is a tremendous growth in the resources and infrastruc ture of the Indian seafood industry today.This paper attempts to examine quality of work lifeof fish processing workers inThoothukudi District. The present study is based on both primary and secondary data covered only six months period (2014). Percentage, averages, ranking method, standard deviation and multiple regressionswere used for the analysis.It has been observed that the dominant fish processing workers relate to out of 75 workers majority (32 percent) of them belong to cleaning. It is followed by setting and canning (20 percent), grading (10 percent), peeling and cutting (12 percent), freezing (4 percent), Packing (8 percent), and loading and transporting (14 percent).

We live in a knowledge society – knowledge is power – isn’t it? But the status and role of nutrition knowledge is decidedly uncertain. The status and explanatory role of nutrition knowledge is uncertain in public health nutrition. Much of the uncertainty about this area has been generated by conceptual confusion about the nature of nutrition Information in particular. So the research describes several key concepts in some detail. The main research is that ‘nutrition information source ’ is a necessary but not sufficient factor for changes. The interplay bet ween food and nutrition and their authentic informa- tion source. Consi- deration of the domains of nutrition knowledge shows that their utility is likely to be related to nutrition information source particular viewpoints.

Rapid Urbanization has induced a marked change in the land use dynamic of any urban area. This change is more rapid in the suburban areas of major metropolitan cities. The present study tries to evaluate the land use changes in the urban fringe of south Chennai city and measure the impact of urban expansion on the natural environment of South Chennai. Eleven wards of the Chennai Metropolitan Authority (Perungudi, Okkiyamthuraipakkam, Karapakkam, Solinganallur, Perumbakkam, Medavakkam, Pallikaranai, Kulathur, Jaladampetti, Madipakkam, Puzhuthi- vakkam) are chosen for the study. The land use changes are meas- ured using satellite data for three decades. Level I, Land use classifi- cation listed devised by James Anderson (1976) have been used for the deduction of land use. The study has found that the area under settlement has increased rapidly at the cost of the Natural Environment, one of them being a wetland (Pallikaranai Wetlands), which are one of the most sensitive ecosystems.

Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop. It is used to prepare syrup, ethanol production, beer, biscuits etc, and making agro based industrial crop also. When the Sorghum plant suffers from red rot disease (Anthracnose), it leads to maximum yield loss. The present studies attempts to find out area and disease incidence in Chitoor district of A.P.

Present research study mainly concerned with effectiveness of secondary school teachers. The Teacher Effectiveness Scale (TES) developed by Kumar and Mutha was used to assess the effectiveness of the secondary school teachers. A sample consists of 110 secondary school teachers from English and Marathi medium of Nasik as a sample to collect data for present study. The findings of this study there exists a significant difference in the teacher effectiveness of male and female teacher at secondary level, there is also a significant difference in the teacher effectiveness of science and non-science teacher at secondary level. And there is no significant difference in the teacher effectiveness of English and Marathi medium teachers working at the secondary level.

Knowledge discovery in financial organization have been built and operated mainly to support decision making using knowledge as strategic factor. Data mining can be defined as the process of selecting, exploring and modeling large amounts of data to uncover previously unknown patterns. In the Share Market in equity sector, data mining can help firms gain business advantage Many attempts have been made to predict stock market data using statistical and traditional methods, but these methods are no longer adequate for analyzing this huge amount of data.

In today’s world, women entrepreneurs are playing very vital role and they have become important part of the global business environment and it’s really important for the sustained economic development and social progress. In India, though women are playing key role in the society, but still their entrepreneurial ability has not been properly tapped due to the lower status of women in the society. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the status of women entrepreneurs in India. This paper includes rationale grounds behind the women entrepreneurship. Another main purpose of this paper is to analyze policies of Indian government.

The growing demands of globalization have given rise to a lot of challenges in education especially on the quality of evaluation. Since evaluation is widely acknowledged as a powerful means of improving the quality of education. As emphasized by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) the implementation of new evaluation practices focusing on CCE was introduced right from primary to secondary level and CCE has been effectively implemented in Kendriya Vidyalayas throughout the country. Through CCE teachers and adminis- trators would be able to assess learners’ achi- evement and prog- ress and also would have time to correct the problems during the instru- ction.

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s novel One Amazing Thing tells the fascinating tale of nine people gathered in the Indian visa office in certain American city when earthquake devastates the building leaving them trapped in the basement of the building. In the course of its development the novel reveals their ordinary yet highly absorbing lives as they tell about one amazing thing in their respective lives. Cameron, an African American ex-soldier is one of them. He is a man of fifty and a tortured soul. The paper focuses on the character of Cameron and attem- pts to analyse his character to find out the causes and effects of his lifelong suffering which hint at his marginalized and tribal back- ground.

Global warming and climate change is one of the most important environment challenges worlds facing today. Climate change poses serious impacts on natural ecosystem and functioning across the globe. Climate change is one of the factors having adverse effects on biodiversity and associated goods and services. In India climate change could represent and additional stress on ecological and socioeconomic system that are already facing tremendous pressure due to population growth, rapid urbanization, Industrialization and economic develop- ment. Drought, floods, tropical cyclones, heavy precipitation even- ts, hot extremes and heat waves are known to negatively impact the production. The Impact of climate change is likely to have a great influence on the agriculture and water sectors and eventually on the food security and livelihoods of large section of the rural population in developing countries (IPCC, 2007).

The present study reveals that social support among normal and HIV/AIDS patients there is no significant difference in mental health and social support between male and female there is significant difference in social support of normal and HIV+ve patients there is difference in mental health of normal and HIV +ve male and female .

Librarianship may be exercised in a multidisciplinary and multicultural platform. It has the capacity to assimilate relevant ideas from different field of knowledge. Scientometrics are playing an increasingly important role in facilitating the understanding of the research fields as well as the research topics within them. This paper discusses about the emergence of Sciento metrics and its allied metrics. It further deals with the theoretical details and general overview about the genre that plays a significant role in all disciplines including interdisciplinary research platforms. It highlights Scientometrics indica tors, impact factors that develop as the characteristics of Sciento metrics, scope and applica tions of Sciento metrics. This paper shares the materials and resources that could help the resear- ches in the field of Scientometrics.

Tourism is a vital source of income to all countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on business in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries that are associated with tourism. Tourism has emerged as one of the most important area in the planning process of different countries. For a number of countries, it is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earnings. However, India’s entry to this sector has been quiet late. Reali- zing the importance of tourism and its foreign exchange earnings most of the countries in the world have been endeavoring to promote this sector. India is not an excep- tion to the on-going changes internationally and has been encouraging privatization with its liberal economic reforms.

The term financial inclusion refers to deliver the financial services to weaker and low income groups especially agriculture, household enterprises, small medium enterprises and traders. It’s vital role in the country is pragmatic and is very much required to poverty alleviation in developing countries like India. According to the Banking Ombudsman of Karnataka State, 63 percent of the people in India do not have the benefit of banking facilities (Business Line 2006). The rural and semi urban villages are not having ideas regarding the financial support from financial institutions or banking services. Rural people are not having awareness about the financial services offered by financial institutions. In India rural and semi urban area people are have lack of information they don’t know financial products like; insurance, debit/credit card, Kisan card, etc.

Chetan Bhagat is an Indian author who has six bestselling novels at his record. He is the writer of modern India and has thrown light on many problems of youth through his novels. His novels have tried to express the concern of the modern youths. He has not only tried to put forth in his novels the social and cultural milieu in the Indian society but its effect on the young Indian mind, attitude, behaviour, and approach. Hence he is regarded as the youth icon. The sociocultural theory describes aware ness of circumstances surrounding the indivi duals and how their behaviours are affec ted specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors. According to Catherine A. Sander son, “sociocultural perspective describes people’s behaviour and mental process as shaped in part by their social or cultural contact, including race, gender and nationality”.

ManjuKapur is a great novelist in the field of Indian Writing in English. She always gives importance to the women characters in her novel who struggle to liberate themselves from Cultural Conflict, Identity Crisis and Patriarchal domination. The present paper highlights the women’s quest for identity in a patriarchal social set up of Indian family. Her novel is strongly a protest against every cruelty committed on women in the name of religion and morality.

The Indo-Anglian fiction was experimental up to 1920. Writers like S.K. Ghose, S.M. Mitra and Raj Laxmi Devi were experimenting to provide recognition to Indo-Anglian Literature. The period between 1920- 1950 was dominated by novels with political and social themes. The contribution of K.S. Venkatramani, Shanker Ram, S. Nagarajan, Kumar Guru, A.S.P. Ayyar, S.K. Chettur and G.V. Desani are notable. During the 1950-85, the acknowledged Indo-Anglian like R.K.Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao, Kamala Markan- deya, Anita Desai, Bhabani Bhattacharya, Manohar Malgaonkar, Shashthi Bratta, Ruth Prawer Jhabwala, Arun Josi, Khuswant Singh, D.F. Faraka, Nirad C. Choudhari and a host of others try their art of fiction writing with unlimited and unrestricted themes. But the credit of bringing a name and reputation to Indo-Anglian fiction goes to a few contemporary writers such as, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja rao, R.K.Narayan and Nirad C. Chaudhuri. They are the four wheels of contemporary Indo-Anglian fiction.

From time immemorial, Teaching takes place in our life. From a king maker to pin maker, there is a teacher behind them. It is still considered not only as a noble profession but also as a challenging job. Due to the Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization, education awareness level has become tremendous and good educational institutions and good teachers are in great demand. There is always disproportion between the need of qualified teacher and available number. One of the main reasons is due to the failure of thought of the government which occasionally worries on the quality of education. Secondly, teaching has become chance of their profession not as their choice. As per 2012 Academic year, there are 627 education colleges promoting teacher education in Tamil- nadu and a few universities of Tamilnadu offer B.Ed. programmes through distance education mode.

The Panchayati Raj system is South Asian political system mainly in India. The word ‘Panchayat’ literally means ‘Assem- bly’ of five wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. Panchayati Raj structure is totally based on three-tier system, which is consist of Zilla Parishad / Panchayat at top (district) level, Panchayat Samiti at middle (Block) level and Gram Panchayats at lower (Village) level. Gram Panchayat is the basic unit of PRIs in Indian economy. Z.P. have crucial role to play the galvanizing the lower tires into activi- ty and in sustained the tempo of deve- lopments. Gram Panchayats had played a significant role in rural develop- ment and develop- ment of rural econo- my.

Local Self-Government Institutions or Local Bodies directly influence the welfare of the people by providing civic, social and economic infrastructure services and facilities in both urban and rural areas. Given their strategic position in delivering services in the hierarchy of Government set up, following the Constitutional (73rd & 74th) Amendment Acts, more functions, powers and resources have been provided to them. This study is undertaken for observing the satisfaction of the citizens of the Solapur city towards the services rendered by the municipal corporation. It consists of 450 citizens of the city who are availing the services of this municipal corporation. Muni- cipal Corporations, as institutions of local government, are constituents of the third tier that play an important role in local economic develop- ment; they have a sizeable proportion of overall public financial resources but are nevertheless subject to the scrutiny in terms of physical and financial performance.

Yogic exercises not only increase the general strength but also tone up the muscles because these exercises stretch out the muscles and due to their slow stretch and hold nature along with breathing mechanism improves the muscular tone and strength of the muscles. To achieve the purpose of the study six weeks yoga training was administered and Kraus-Weber test is framed to find out the minimum muscular strength required to participate in the training programme and also to find out the improvement in muscular strength after the training progra- mme. The 72 Kho-Kho players (Boys) who represented Dharwad district in the district level Kho-Kho tourna- ment ranging from 15-17 years of age were drawn as subjects.

The Buddha described the three destroyers of the world: war, drought and famine, and pestilence and he showed the causes that people are infatuated with unrighteous passion (adhamma-raga), overpowered by inordinate greed (visama-lobha), and overcome by unnatural desires (micchadhamma). In order to make the world a better place to live in, both for ourselves and for others. According to the Buddha’s teachings. We should develop the four dhamma, the Brahma viharas. They are (1) metta (loving-kindness), (2) karuna (compassion), (3) mudita (sympathetic joy), and (4) upekkha(equanimity). We should progressively develop thoughts of loving-kindness, compassion, sympa- thetic joy, and equani- mity for various people depending on the charac- teristics of each Abiding. All the people should study the mind and its peculiar characteristics and solve the problem that is now facing the world.

Bharati Mukherjee is a well known novelist born in India. She currently works as a Professor at the University of California. Her writing reflects the immigrant experience particularly of the female protagonists. The characters try to seek their own identity amidst the alien culture. This paper attempts to throw light on the novel “Wife” where the heroine Dimple Dasgupta endeavours to create an identity for her own.

Women are put an excep- tionally high place as Daity Laxmi who is daity of prosperity shakti, who is belongs power to protect the world from brutal davil powers, ‘Saraswati’ who is daity of ‘Vidya Budhhi’ i.e. Gyan, i.e. Education intelligence and knowledge. But she is very lowered down when as female human being real practical life.

The approach enables the researcher to map the past and present living conditions of the Scheduled tribes and the social and other environments within which the poor are living. The capabilities of the Scheduled tribes need to be considered in any understanding about their lives. A livelihood comprises of the capabilities, assets (both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. It is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance capabilities and assets both now and in the future, without under- mining the natural resources base.

The new social movements are an integral part of the civil society discourse Neera Chandhoke, in this regard says, “The assertion of democratic social movements in the contemporary world in inextricably linked with… the concept of civil society. If the literature on new social movements describes a phenomenon, civil society provides the conceptual apparatus to comprehend the implications of these struggle”.

Tourism is today emerging as a leading sector in the world and is now considered by some as the number one growing industry. Within the Himalayan range of India, Jammu and Kashmir is the state with the great tourism potential. Tourism industry in the state is at the leading edge of development. The enchanting geographical landscape and range of ecosystems leaves a lasting impression on the tourists in the valley. The Jammu &Kashmir state sets like a jewelled crown on the map of the India. The region is a manifested diamond changing its character with sea- son; always extrava- gantly beautiful. The valley of Kashmir receives large number of tourist arrivals including both domestic as well as foreign tourists. Tourism planning is very necessary because tourism is a diffused and complex activity made up a variety of elements such as attractions, communication and infrastructure etc. Planning is a process that involves the determination of any future course of action i.e. why take an action, what action, how to take action, and when to take action.

The experiment were carried out to determine optimum time of presoaking for maximum germination in green gram, Red gram. Physiochemical process is affected by the conditions of the environment in which it occurs. There is always a minimum optimum and maximum for each factor in relation to germination. In this experiment seeds 1 gm each time, were presoaked in 5 ml water before and after air drying to determine the water uptake and the best soaking duration period. The seeds were presoa- ked before and after air drying for periods from o to 24 hours. The beneficial effects of growth through the pre- soaking technique have been observed. The data presented in this experiment clearly indicate that presoaking treatme- nts enhance the plant vigor. How ever, the seeds need to be soaked for a definite period of time. Soaking for more hours than optimum determined, is detrimental as found in present experiments.

Astanga or Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras is a text that covers many aspects of life, beginning with a code of conduct and ending with the goal of yoga, a vision of one ?s true Self. Yoga isn? t only about postures, or meditation, it is a way of life, or religion. In this influencing scripture there are eight steps to awakening or enlightenment through yoga. These eight astanga or limbs of yoga are: yamas, niyamas, asanas, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and Samadhi. Samadhi is the ultimate state of self-realization, or union with the source. The Astanga Yoga of Pathanjali provides methods of achie- ving Samadhi by practicing the yoga stage by stage. Only few of the aspirants they move to Samadhi stage and others have not achieved for various obvious reasons.

The achieve this purpose of the study was to find out the influence of yogic practices on the memory of persons with intellectually disabled of 10 to 15yrs. For this purpose 40 male mild persons with intellectually disabled were randomly selected from TAT Kalanilayam middle school, CSI middle school, Mettupalayam, Corporation middle school, Big Bazaar street, Eithirasar middle school, Mettupalayam, Coimbatore district were randomly selected for the study and they were divided into two groups namely experimental group and control group. Each group consisted of 20 each. Random group design was adopted for the study. Experimental group was given 12 weeks of training and the control group was not given any specific training. Tests were conducted before the training, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks of training on memory of persons with intellectually disabled.

As the World Wide Web continues to evolve. The usage pattern of Internet surfers has shifted from that of passive readings to active buildings of contents, illustrating the user-centric interactive and collaborative nature of Web 2.0 (Sharma, 2008). It was suggested that, rather than replacing face-to-face communication or interaction, social media provides new opportunities to develop relationships and enhances one’s social connect ions’ with others through sharing of information. In essence, no longer has the domains of youn- ger generations and tech-savvy consu- med, social media has entered the “mainstream”. Soci- ety with promising social utilities (Ste- phen and Galak, 2009, p.3).

Understanding the different types of meaning is indispensable. Inter- personal semantic theories, the advance of Information theory, the inevitable necessity of structural linguists to deal with connotative and denotative meanings, and political affairs at the present world have all joined to force upon us an awareness of the needs, importance, and scientific basis of interpersonal communication. An important part of investigations in the study of meaning is reflected in developing wordnet and dictionary-making, a highly specialized process, which, however, too often reflects only a meager appreciation of some fundamental problems involved in the study of meaning. Thus, this paper aims to study the meanings of words found in Tamil with special reference to tirukku RaL.

Children with special needs are the inseparable part of our Nation. In spite of the inclusive ideals enshrined in our constitution, for decades a large section of our population remained outside the ambit of elementary education, which is a basic human right. Education of children with special needs is a relatively new concept and requires a great deal of technical expertise to deal with the needs of children having different kinds of impairments. For development of nation, making expertise to give education to children with special needs and their overall deve- lopment inclusive education is very essential. Inclusive Education includes all.

Security is very crucial issue in smart card especially due to the various independent parties involve throughout the card’s life cycle leading to what is now called “splits” in trust. There is need to develop a method in which even without trust none of the parties can cheat one another. To overcome the lack of security provided by passwords or PINs for authentication and access control, some researchers believe that biometric is the best genuine means of authentication. However, due to the significant amount of processing and memory capacity required by this approach, imple- menting it in smart card remains difficult. Hence, this area needs to be further evaluated to make it suitable for built-in smart card applica- tions. This paper represent that how this security issue can be overcome by bringing certain changes on some researcher’s scheme.

This study was undertaken with the objective of studying the impact of e-learning modules on achievement in trigonometry of XI standard students. The investigator used the pre-test-post-test control group design in this study. The investigator selected 40 students based on their age and the marks obtained in the second mid-term test for the study. The study revealed that the E-learning modules in Trigonometry were found to be effective

Small scale industries constitute the key link in the process of socio-economic transformation of underdeveloped social structures. It is, no doubt, true that in the case of dominantly rural countries, process of transformation either germinating within the rural segment or bringing the later within its orbit of influence will play a crucial role and should, therefore, occupy an important position in their develop- ment strategy. Rural development cannot be operational outside the total developmental process straddling the rural-urban continuum. It constitutes a large component of the system of interdep- endence of vertical shifts of the work force from the prima ry to the secondary and territory sectors. It requires rural indus trialization process to bring about the transformation in rural economy.

Teacher is important cog in the wheel of the teaching and learning process. A good teacher is the need of the hour. A well adjusted and mentally healthy teacher can do justice with the teaching profession and with himself. The teacher's own conformity adds to better modification of students as well as is key for his own proficiency and joy. A maladjusted educator demolishes his own proficient life as well as vestiges his or her understudy's

W e propose Birds: a bare-metal recovery system for instant restoration of data services, focusing on a general-purpose automatic backup-and-recovery approach to protect data and resume data services from scratch instantly after disasters. We design BIRDS to possess two appealing features: full automation in the backup-and-recovery process, and instant data service resum- ption after disasters. BIRDS achieves the former one with auto- matic whole system replication and resto- ration, by tak ing the backup process- outside of the prote- cted system with the help of a novel non-intrusive light-weight physical to virtual conversion method. The latter oneis enabled by a novel pipelined parallel recovery mechanism, which allows data services being instantly resumed while data recoverybetween the backup data center and the production site is still in progress. We implemented a BIRDS prototype and evaluated it usingstandard benchmarks. We show that BIRDS outperforms existing disaster recovery techniques by the means of recovery efficiencywhile introducing relatively small runtime overhead. Furthermore, BIRDS can be directly applied to any existing system in a plug-and-protect fashion without requiring re-installation or any modification of the existing system.